The Jamaican Astrophysicist Francis Williams

an 18th century portrait of francis williams, a Black Jamaican gentleman and Newtonian physicist in his study, with a landcape of Spanish Town in the window behind him. Williams wears a white wig and a blue and gold coat, and stands full length between his mahogany table and chair. there are globes on the table and floor, a wall of books, some identifiable by title for the first time, and newton's principia open on the table under his hand. a gold cord holding back a deep blue curtain turns out to be knotted in the orbit of halley's comet, which turns out to be visible at perigee in the dusk sky of the landscape. williams thus documented his observation and calculation of the comet's perigee, proving the newtonian model. the painting is at the v&a, and it is due for a major reinterpretation
William Williams, attr., Francis Williams, The Scholar of Jamaica, prob 1760, not c.1745, 66 x 50 cm, in the V&A

What an extraordinary piece of research, and an equally amazing finding.

For at least a century, an 18th century portrait in the V&A of a free, Black Jamaican man named Francis Williams was considered to be a racist caricature of Williams cosplaying as a gentleman. But after a team of experts and conservators imaged and studied the painting anew, Fara Dabhoiwala discovered Williams was demonstrating not only his rare mastery of then-new Newtonian astrophysics. He was documenting his observations and calculations of the first documented return in 1758 of Halley’s Comet, at a moment when he was one of the only people alive who’d known Newton and Halley at the time they’d first published their theories.

If this feels like a spoiler, you can still read Dabhoiwala’s account in the LRB to see how he pieced Williams’ history and the painting’s history together from the most hostile sources and the barest archival traces.

A Man of Parts and Learning: Francis Williams Gets His Due [lrb.co.uk via @caleb.crain.bsky.social]